Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is the most extensively researched form of psychological treatment, with research showing that it can be effective in treating people who are experiencing depression (and other mood disorders), anxiety, adjustment disorder, alcohol and other drug problems, eating disorders, relationship difficulties, and general life stress.

The CBT model has several core assumptions.

Some of the common assumptions that guide treatment in CBT are that:

  1. Thoughts, feelings, behaviours and body sensations are all interrelated,

  2. Psychological distress is driven, in part, by unhelpful patterns of thinking or learned behaviours that keep people ‘stuck’,

  3. Learning ways to cope more effectively with unhelpful patterns of thinking or learned behaviours can help people to relieve the symptoms of mental ill-health symptoms and the impact on their lives.

Not all CBT will use all of these strategies. Rather, the psychologist and client work together to develop a shared understanding of the problem and to develop a treatment strategy.

Psychologists that draw on CBT may help people to recognise and build insight into unhelpful patterns of thinking, which may have developed naturally in response to the environment but are now impacting their mental health. Psychologists may also help people to identity cognitive biases, appraise and reframe challenging experiences from multiple perspectives, draw on behaviour to influence or ‘test’ their unhelpful thoughts using real-world experiments, and use problem-solving skills to cope with challenging experiences that impact psychological wellbeing.

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